46 research outputs found
Functional characterization of generalized Langevin equations
We present an exact functional formalism to deal with linear Langevin
equations with arbitrary memory kernels and driven by any noise structure
characterized through its characteristic functional. No others hypothesis are
assumed over the noise, neither the fluctuation dissipation theorem. We found
that the characteristic functional of the linear process can be expressed in
terms of noise's functional and the Green function of the deterministic
(memory-like) dissipative dynamics. This object allow us to get a procedure to
calculate all the Kolmogorov hierarchy of the non-Markov process. As examples
we have characterized through the 1-time probability a noise-induced interplay
between the dissipative dynamics and the structure of different noises.
Conditions that lead to non-Gaussian statistics and distributions with long
tails are analyzed. The introduction of arbitrary fluctuations in fractional
Langevin equations have also been pointed out
Correlated noise in a logistic growth model
The logistic differential equation is used to analyze cancer cell population,
in the presence of a correlated Gaussian white noise. We study the steady state
properties of tumor cell growth and discuss the effects of the correlated
noise. It is found that the degree of correlation of the noise can cause tumor
cell extinction.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figure
Statistical Theory of Spin Relaxation and Diffusion in Solids
A comprehensive theoretical description is given for the spin relaxation and
diffusion in solids. The formulation is made in a general
statistical-mechanical way. The method of the nonequilibrium statistical
operator (NSO) developed by D. N. Zubarev is employed to analyze a relaxation
dynamics of a spin subsystem. Perturbation of this subsystem in solids may
produce a nonequilibrium state which is then relaxed to an equilibrium state
due to the interaction between the particles or with a thermal bath (lattice).
The generalized kinetic equations were derived previously for a system weakly
coupled to a thermal bath to elucidate the nature of transport and relaxation
processes. In this paper, these results are used to describe the relaxation and
diffusion of nuclear spins in solids. The aim is to formulate a successive and
coherent microscopic description of the nuclear magnetic relaxation and
diffusion in solids. The nuclear spin-lattice relaxation is considered and the
Gorter relation is derived. As an example, a theory of spin diffusion of the
nuclear magnetic moment in dilute alloys (like Cu-Mn) is developed. It is shown
that due to the dipolar interaction between host nuclear spins and impurity
spins, a nonuniform distribution in the host nuclear spin system will occur and
consequently the macroscopic relaxation time will be strongly determined by the
spin diffusion. The explicit expressions for the relaxation time in certain
physically relevant cases are given.Comment: 41 pages, 119 Refs. Corrected typos, added reference
Fractional Zaslavsky and Henon Discrete Maps
This paper is devoted to the memory of Professor George M. Zaslavsky passed
away on November 25, 2008. In the field of discrete maps, George M. Zaslavsky
introduced a dissipative standard map which is called now the Zaslavsky map. G.
Zaslavsky initialized many fundamental concepts and ideas in the fractional
dynamics and kinetics. In this paper, starting from kicked damped equations
with derivatives of non-integer orders we derive a fractional generalization of
discrete maps. These fractional maps are generalizations of the Zaslavsky map
and the Henon map. The main property of the fractional differential equations
and the correspondent fractional maps is a long-term memory and dissipation.
The memory is realized by the fact that their present state evolution depends
on all past states with special forms of weights.Comment: 26 pages, LaTe
The effects of environmental disturbances on tumor growth
In this study, the analytic expressions of the steady probability
distribution of tumor cells were established based on the steady state solution
to the corresponding Fokker-Planck equation. Then, the effects of two
uncorrelated white noises on tumor cell growth were investigated. It was found
that the predation rate plays the main role in determining whether or not the
noise is favorable for tumor growth.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figures. Note: The paper will be published on volume 42
of the Brazilian Journal of Physic
Active Brownian Particles. From Individual to Collective Stochastic Dynamics
We review theoretical models of individual motility as well as collective
dynamics and pattern formation of active particles. We focus on simple models
of active dynamics with a particular emphasis on nonlinear and stochastic
dynamics of such self-propelled entities in the framework of statistical
mechanics. Examples of such active units in complex physico-chemical and
biological systems are chemically powered nano-rods, localized patterns in
reaction-diffusion system, motile cells or macroscopic animals. Based on the
description of individual motion of point-like active particles by stochastic
differential equations, we discuss different velocity-dependent friction
functions, the impact of various types of fluctuations and calculate
characteristic observables such as stationary velocity distributions or
diffusion coefficients. Finally, we consider not only the free and confined
individual active dynamics but also different types of interaction between
active particles. The resulting collective dynamical behavior of large
assemblies and aggregates of active units is discussed and an overview over
some recent results on spatiotemporal pattern formation in such systems is
given.Comment: 161 pages, Review, Eur Phys J Special-Topics, accepte
Effects of macromolecular crowding on intracellular diffusion from a single particle perspective
Compared to biochemical reactions taking place in relatively well-defined aqueous solutions in vitro, the corresponding reactions happening in vivo occur in extremely complex environments containing only 60â70% water by volume, with the remainder consisting of an undefined array of bio-molecules. In a biological setting, such extremely complex and volume-occupied solution environments are termed âcrowdedâ. Through a range of intermolecular forces and pseudo-forces, this complex background environment may cause biochemical reactions to behave differently to their in vitro counterparts. In this review, we seek to highlight how the complex background environment of the cell can affect the diffusion of substances within it. Engaging the subject from the perspective of a single particleâs motion, we place the focus of our review on two areas: (1) experimental procedures for conducting single particle tracking experiments within cells along with methods for extracting information from these experiments; (2) theoretical factors affecting the translational diffusion of single molecules within crowded two-dimensional membrane and three-dimensional solution environments. We conclude by discussing a number of recent publications relating to intracellular diffusion in light of the reviewed material